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TYPES of DRUG TESTING
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Drug Testing Methods

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Pros and Cons of the Various Drug Testing Methods

Type of Test Pros Cons Window of Detection
Urine
- Highest assurance of reliable results
- Least expensive
- Most flexibility in testing different drugs, including alcohol and nicotine
- Most likely of all drug-testing methods to withstand
- Specimen can be adulterated, substituted, diluted
- Limited window of detection
- Test sometimes viewed as invasive and embarrassing
- Biological hazard for specimen handling and shipping to lab
- Typically 1 to 5 days 
Hair
- Longer window of detection
- Greater stability (does not deteriorate)
- Can measure chronic drug use
- Convenient shipping and storage (no need to refrigerate)
- Collection procedure not considered invasive or embarrassing - More difficult to adulterate than urine
- Detects alcohol/cocaine combination use

- More expensive
- Test usually limited to basic 5-drug panel
- Cannot detect alcohol use
- Will not detect very recent drug use (1 to 7 days prior to test)

- Depends on the length of hair in the sample. Hair grows about a half-inch per month, so 1,5-inch specimen would show a 3-month history.
Saliva
(Oral Fluids)
- Sample obtained under direct observation
- Minimal risk of tampering
- Non-invasive
- Samples can be collected easily in virtually any environment
- Can detect alcohol use
- Reflects recent drug use
- Drugs and drug metabolites do not remain in oral fluids as log as they do in urine
- Less efficient than other testing methods in detecting marijuana use
- Approximately 10 to 24 hours
Spray
(Sweat Patch)
- Non-invasive
- Variable removal date (generally 1 to 7 days)
- Quick application and removal
- Longer window of detection than urine
- No sample substitution possible
- Limited number of labs able to process results
- People with skin eruptions, excessive hair, or cuts and abrasions cannot wear the patch
- Passive exposure to drugs may contaminate patch and affect results
- Patch retains evidence of drug use for at least 7 days, and can detect even low levels of drugs 2 to 5 hours after last use








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